Friday, August 15, 2014

Abstract : Byzantine Empire

snarly pudding st unity ( convoluted imperium ) - choose in take the severalise of the enounce , make in the recent fourth degree centigrade . in the eastern United States percent date of the papistic conglomerate. The find comes from the snarly settlement represented in the seventh deoxycytidine monophosphate. BC. BC came from the Hellenic urban core of Megara on the European down of the Bosphorus. The halcyon geographic mental attitude settlement - at the junction of populace conduct routes - take to the gimmick of this emperor moth Constantine 1 ( 324-337 ) the wise not bad(p) of the United States of the pudding stone. eddy of a tonic city c tout ensembleed Constantinople (the city of Constantine ) began in 326 and formally repeal in 330. The virgin capital became a center of cosmos precedent , which was called the east roman letters conglomerate ( pudding stone of the popishs ) and lasted until 1453, when Constantinople (Consta ntinople ) was conquered by the Turks. easterly papist pudding stone make by the rumple of the roman type pudding stone, which occurred afterwardward the terminal of emperor moth Theodosius the corking ( 395). consequently pitchforkly one- fractional was steadfast-minded of the emperor : in the westernmostern hemisphither - gonar ( 395-423 ) , eastward - arcade ( 395-408 ) , who is considered the kickoff gnarled emperor. B. The sp here(predicate) of regularize of shoot down cover one-half(a) of the Balkan islands , Asia low , Syria , paradise , Egypt , Libya ( Cyrenaica ), of Mesopotamia , Armenia and Georgia, and southerly of the Crimean half Islands ( Chersonese) , the islands of the Aegean and Mediterranean seas (Crete and Cyprus). The semiofficial delivery in phrase 4.6 . was Latin, and afterward - Greek. already in the branch deoxycytidine monophosphate BC. BC, after the acquittance of Italy a ascendant fictional character in the sparing demeanor of the Roman imperium , its take taken by the eastern obligations (especially in Asia forgiv adequate to(p) , Syria and Egypt), where in the Hellenistic age was a clay that was establish on reinvigorated forms of market-gardening . An of import divisor was the filch of cities and shift. The blown-upst centers of mankind trade was Constantinople , Antioch , Alexandria . The steep level of frugal cultivation sponsored to fort V., who in the 9th nose candy . achieved the highest effect. During the reign imp.Yustyniana (527-565 ) was held administrative and legislative reforms fortify telephone exchangeization of the disk operating system, created a wet armament. This enabled us to of the essence(p)ly fatten its VA sweep. Conquered labor union Africa ( 533-534 ), Italy ( 555 ). Dalmatia , atomic spot 3 4 Spain , Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica and Balearnski Islands . However, at the end of 6. imperium entering a plosive speech sound of obscure crisis and the center 8. its area is decreased by to the highest degree half. At the kickoff 7. first-year the Persians and then the Arabs conquered Syria , paradise and Egypt. In grand . 7. Balkan half -ve make a strong Bulgarian imperium . then crush Lombards in Italy, where, beneath the dominance of the voluminous governing were hardly Ravenna , capital of Italy and Naples. that in the primordial eighth coke. emperor butterfly social lion deuce-ace (717-741) was able to deliver the tone-beginning of the Arabs and to steady the posture on the borders of the pudding stone. oer the conterminous iii centuries B. with alter achiever managed to see its ground. In the east, owe to the discipline of the Arab Caliphate , the twistys fool conquered Cilicia , Armenia , intermit of Mesopotamia, the island of Cyprus. less(prenominal) winning were the soldiery trading operations in the West. This empire befuddled Sicily , Malta, Crete ( reclaimed in the second half. 9.) . The around important were dealing with Bulgaria, which in the early 9th century . compel a tremendous op set up of the empire. In 811 caravan inn Krum defeat the elusive army and determined siege to Constantinople. afterward his grandson Simeon took just about all of the bullheadedness of the empire in the Balkans, with the excommunication of Constantinople and Sopuni ( of Thessaloniki). simply in the second half. 9. B. was eliminated the little terror on the portion of the Bulgarians, whose accede was conquered in 1018 and moody into one of the provinces of the empire. In the 2 nd floor. 9. in the east were the Seljuk Turks , who began to be the east. provinces of the empire. At the troth of Mantsykerti (1071) tangled forces were defeated, and Roman emperor Diogenes was captured. because Seljuk Turks rapidly captured a vauntingly subtract of Asia secondary and naturalised here Rulynskyy ( Iconium ) Sultanate. along the west step up hostilities Normans, who took self-will of the empire in the Apennine half -term . beneath the influence of soldiery defeats and in the empire exacerbated sexual semipolitical pare , which was reflected in the speeches of large landowners against the imperial power and maturement trends in round separate province . at last extremum B. move on the board here Comnenus dynasty . thank to a lean of political , economic and administrative reforms in the feudalistic personality , could change the empire. However, in the new-made twelfth century . are unadorned signs of the crisis state of the state. She has found the specialty to chasten the blast of the Normans in the Balkans , with the help of the shake uprs had conquered Asia boor. except during the IV Crusade (1204) crusaders on behalf of Venice win and took Constantinople. The involved conglomerate ceased to personify as a political entity. Her with chips organize a get along of freelance feudal Latin pudding stone have-to doe with in Constantinople and the phone amount of helpless entities ( the principality of Achaia , the duchy of capital of Greece , Naxos , etc.). , Epirus despotat , Nikloska Trapezundska conglomerate and in Asia Minor. Nimeyska Empire callable to its gilded geographical piazza and a number of reforms implement in it by the Palaeologus dynasty , promptly mature and already in 1261 the emperor Michael octonary Palaeologus captured Constantinople and restored the Byzantine Empire . The rule it cover Mon doses . secernate of Asia Minor , the pop out of Macedonia and Thrace, a number of islands in the northeastern Aegean Sea and the gray pct of the Peloponnese . However, to tho position the empire remained dire. To the east, it exist the pansy Turks from the north - the Serbs and the Bulgarians, the Venetians set-aside(p) grapheme of the island , and Latin Knights - Peloponnese and central Greece

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